The Ravana You Didn’t Know: A Ruler, A Scholar, and a Devoted King

When we hear the name Ravana, the first image that comes to mind is that of the ten-headed demon king, the villain of the Ramayana. His abduction of Sita and battle with Lord Rama have defined his character for centuries. But beyond this perception, there is another side to Ravana—a learned scholar, a great devotee, and a ruler who his people revered. 

Ravana: The Great Ruler 

Ravana or Dashanan, the mighty king of Lanka, was the grandson of Sage Pulastya, one of the revered Saptarishis in Indian mythology. He was born to Sage Vishrava and Kaikashi, an Asura mother. Ravana was also a great ruler, a knowledgeable scholar, and a strong leader. Ravana was not just a warrior; he was a polymath. He was a master of the Vedas and was well-versed. Ravana emphasized the importance of keeping one's secrets safe. He said that a leader should be cautious of those closest to him, such as his charioteer, gatekeeper, cook, or even his own brother, as they hold valuable knowledge about him. If not handled wisely, they could betray by revealing his secrets. 

One of the most well-known aspects of Ravana is his ten heads. However, these ten heads were not literal but symbolic of his vast knowledge and mastery over ten different disciplines. He was well-versed in psychology, medicine, mantras, tantra, politics, music, astrology, literature, astronomy, and science. His intelligence and wisdom made him one of the most learned beings of his time. 

The Ramayana itself describes the grandeur and prosperity of Lanka during his rule. He transformed Lanka into a wealthy and flourishing kingdom, filled with architectural marvels and advanced governance. His deep devotion to Lord Shiva is also well known, and he is believed to have built several Shiva temples across his kingdom as a mark of his faith and reverence.  

The Pushpaka Vimana: A Symbol of Scientific Advancement 

Ravana possessed the legendary Pushpaka Vimana, an advanced flying chariot often regarded as an example of the scientific achievements of his time. According to Sri Lankan tradition, the landing site of this aircraft is associated with Weragantota in the Mahiyangana area. The Sinhala word "Weragantota" translates to "place of aircraft landing," suggesting that this might have been the site where the Pushpaka Vimana was stationed after Ravana abducted Sita. 

Ravana: The Astrologer and Scholar 

Ravana was also a great scholar of Hindu astrology. His knowledge was compiled into the Ravana Samhita, an anthology of Hindu astrology that offers insights into planetary influences, remedies, and spiritual techniques to enhance wealth and social status. 

Ravana’s Knowledge of Ayurveda 

Beyond his scholarly and musical talents, Ravana was an expert in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine. He authored Arka Prakasham, an ancient text detailing medicinal plants, their properties, and their healing applications. He also documented treatments for women's menstrual health, demonstrating a holistic approach to wellness. One of the best-known medical texts attributed to him is Kumara Thanthraya, which is still recognized by Ayurvedic medical authorities in Sri Lanka. 

His expertise in medicine encompassed: 

It is believed that Ravana led a dedicated team of Siddha healers, making his kingdom a centre for advanced medical research and treatment. His contributions to Ayurveda continue to be revered in Sri Lanka, where many traditional healing practices trace their roots back to his extensive knowledge. 

Ravana: The Musician 

Ravana, known for his deep devotion to Lord Shiva, was also a skilled veena player. He played music not only with his hands but also with his veins. According to scriptures, Ravana once attempted to lift Mount Kailash, but Lord Shiva pressed the mountain down, trapping him beneath it. Undeterred, Ravana spent a thousand years in devotion, singing the Shiva Tandava Stotra, a powerful hymn in praise of Shiva. 

The Devoted Son and Brother 

Ravana’s love for his family was profound. Despite his ideological differences with his brother Vibhishana, he deeply cared for his siblings. His mother, Kaikashi, played a significant role in his life, and he performed severe penance to make her proud. 

After the deaths of his brother Kumbakarna and son Indrajit, Ravana sought Lord Shiva’s blessings for victory in the war against Rama. However, his adversaries, including Hanuman and the vanara (monkey) army, disrupted his kingdom and even troubled his wife, Mandodari, to weaken his resolve. Concerned for her safety, Mandodari pleaded with Ravana to abandon his penance. Prioritizing his wife’s well-being, Ravana ultimately chose to break his penance to protect her. 

Ravana in Historic and Cultural Writings 

Life Lessons from Ravana 

Even in his final moments, Ravana, a great scholar and ruler, shared profound wisdom with Lakshmana. His lessons serve as timeless reminders for a successful life. 

1. Act on Auspicious Tasks Immediately 

Ravana advised that any good deed or positive work should be completed without delay, while negative or harmful actions should be postponed as much as possible. Procrastination in good deeds can lead to missed opportunities. 

2. Never Underestimate Your Enemy 

Ravana admitted that his greatest mistake was underestimating Lord Rama, Hanuman, and their army of monkeys and bears. Arrogance and misjudgment led to his downfall. One should always respect the strengths and capabilities of others. 

3. Be Cautious of Close Associates 

Ravana emphasized the importance of keeping one's secrets safe. He said that a leader should be cautious of those closest to him, such as his charioteer, gatekeeper, cook, or even his brother, as they hold valuable knowledge about him. If not handled wisely, they could betray by revealing his secrets.