Lord Murugan, also known as Kartikeya, Skanda, or Subramanya, is predominantly worshipped in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu, where he holds a deeply revered position in Tamil culture. However, there is often a misconception that Lord Murugan is not worshipped in North India. Kartikeya, as he is more commonly known in northern regions, has a significant role in North Indian mythology, scriptures, and worship practices.
The Origins of Kartikeya in Indian Mythology
Lord Kartikeya, the son of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati, is celebrated as the commander of the divine army and the god of war. His birth story is steeped in symbolism. According to myth, Kartikeya was born to defeat the demon Tarakasura, who could only be killed by Shiva's offspring. As a result, Kartikeya embodies courage, strength, and the victory of good over evil.
While Kartikeya is revered as Murugan in South India, especially in Tamil Nadu, he is known as Kartikeya or Skanda in North India. In these regions, his associations with warfare and protection are emphasized, highlighting his role as a guardian deity.
Significance of Lord Kartikeya
The Puranas and Scriptures
Kartikeya is frequently mentioned in North Indian scriptures like the Skanda Purana, one of the largest Mahapuranas. This text is filled with numerous stories of his heroic deeds, battles, and divine interventions. One of the most famous stories from the Skanda Purana revolves around his fierce battle with the demon Tarakasura. A fierce battle ensued between Kartikeya and Tarakasura, with both warriors sustaining severe injuries. However, at a decisive moment, Kartikeya found an opening. Using his divine weapon, the Vel (Spear of Power), Kartikeya struck Tarakasura on his chest with immense force. The blow was fatal, and the demon finally died. With the fall of Tarakasura, the Devas celebrated Kartikeya’s victory, hailing him as their savior. After the battle, Kartikeya returned to his mother, Parvati, who lovingly took him into her embrace. All the gods praised Kartikeya for his courage and valor.
This epic tale not only highlights Kartikeya’s strength as a divine warrior but also emphasizes his role as the protector of dharma (righteousness) and a destroyer of evil.
Association with the Ganga and the Krittikas
Kartikeya’s northern roots are also tied to the Ganga River and the constellation of the Krittikas (the Pleiades). According to legend, Kartikeya was born from the sparks emitted from Lord Shiva’s third eye, which were then carried to the Ganga, and nurtured by the six Krittikas. This connection to the celestial mothers and the Ganga adds a distinct layer to Kartikeya’s North Indian mythology.
Kartikeya as a Celibate God
Lord Kartikeya is revered differently across various regions. In North India, Kartikeya is commonly portrayed as a celibate god, or brahmachari. This aspect is deeply connected to his association with asceticism, reflecting his father, Lord Shiva’s, detached and ascetic nature. Kartikeya's embodiment of youth, discipline, and warrior strength is emphasized in his celibate form, symbolizing spiritual purity and focus on his divine duties as the commander of the celestial army.
Conversely, in Tamil Nadu, Kartikeya—worshipped as Murugan—is typically depicted alongside his two consorts, Valli and Devasena. This portrayal highlights his marital and familial aspects, which are prominent in South Indian traditions.
Symbolism and Influence in North Indian Spiritual Practices
In North Indian traditions, Kartikeya is often seen as a symbol of youth, vitality, and discipline. His image as a fearless warrior who embodies the ideals of protection and righteousness resonates with spiritual practitioners across the region.
- Warrior Deity: North India, with its long history of warrior clans and dynasties, associates Kartikeya with valor, military strategy, and success in battles. Rajputs and other warrior groups often venerate him as their protector.
- Brahmacharya (Celibacy): Kartikeya’s vow of celibacy is celebrated in northern spiritual practices, where he represents the ideal ascetic who channels his energy towards spiritual growth rather than worldly desires. Monks and ascetics look to Kartikeya for inspiration in their path of renunciation.
Festivals and Temples dedicated to Kartikeya
While South India boasts grand temples dedicated to Lord Murugan, North India also honors Kartikeya in several important ways:
- Kartik Purnima: One of the most significant festivals in North India dedicated to Kartikeya is Kartik Purnima, celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Kartika (October-November). This festival holds a special significance in Varanasi and other northern regions. Devotees perform rituals and offer prayers to Kartikeya, seeking his blessings for strength and protection.
- Temples in North India: Though relatively fewer compared to South India, there are temples in North India that are dedicated to Kartikeya. For example: Pehowa Kartikeya Temple in Haryana: One of the oldest temples, this site is an important pilgrimage destination for Kartikeya worshippers. Kartik Swami Temple in Uttarakhand: Perched on a hilltop, this temple attracts devotees who embark on a challenging trek to seek Kartikeya’s blessings.
- Navratri: During the festival of Navratri, Kartikeya is often worshipped as one of the divine forces that help maintain the cosmic order. While the primary deities of the festival are the nine forms of Goddess Durga, in certain regions, Kartikeya is also invoked for his role in defeating evil forces.
In contemporary times, the worship of Lord Kartikeya in North India has experienced a resurgence, particularly during festivals like Kartik Purnima, which draw large numbers of devotees. Although his worship is more widespread in South India, Kartikeya is increasingly recognized as a pan-Indian deity. His role as a protector and symbol of youthful energy resonates with newer generations seeking strength, discipline, and guidance in the modern world.